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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

18.0K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and...
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Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

8.4K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes02:30

Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes

12.2K
This lesson discusses the stability of substituted cyclohexanes with a focus on energies of various conformers and the effect of 1,3-diaxial interactions.
The two chair conformations of cyclohexanes undergo rapid interconversion at room temperature. Both forms have identical energies and stabilities, each comprising equal amounts of the equilibrium mixture. Replacing a hydrogen atom with a functional group makes the two conformations energetically non-equivalent.
For example, in...
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Updated: May 15, 2025

An Available Technique for Preparation of New Cast MnCuNiFeZnAl Alloy with Superior Damping Capacity and High Service Temperature
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High-Entropy V-Based Null Matrix Alloys─Short/Long-Range Structural Features, Chemical Stabilities, and Mechanical

Man He1,2, Chen Wang1,2,3,4, Hua Yang1,2

  • 1Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, Guangdong 523803, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|April 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel high-entropy V-based (HEV) alloys, which are null matrix alloys with over five elements. These advanced materials exhibit enhanced resistance and high yield strength, opening new avenues for neutron scattering applications.

Keywords:
X-ray pair distribution functionarc-melting methodelectron backscatter diffractionhigh-entropy null matrix alloysneutron diffraction

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Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Neutron Scattering
  • Alloy Development

Background:

  • Null matrix alloys, crucial for neutron scattering applications like reaction vessels, traditionally consist of only two elements/isotopes.
  • Limited dopant solubility in parent phases historically restricted the modification of null matrix alloy properties.
  • Multi-elemental null matrix alloys have not been previously reported due to challenges in achieving desired material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a new family of multi-elemental, high-entropy V-based (HEV) alloys.
  • To investigate the structural, chemical, and mechanical properties of these novel alloys.
  • To establish guidelines for designing complex null matrix materials with tailored characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Two-step arc-melting method for alloy synthesis.
  • Neutron diffraction to confirm null matrix characteristics (absence of diffraction peaks).
  • Rietveld refinement of high-resolution X-ray diffraction data for structural analysis.
  • X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to assess atomic ordering and clustering.
  • High-temperature oxidation analysis to evaluate material resistance.

Main Results:

  • Successfully developed six high-entropy V-based (HEV) alloys, each containing more than five elements.
  • All synthesized HEV alloys exhibited no diffraction peaks, confirming their null matrix nature.
  • Rietveld refinement indicated homogeneous distribution of dopants within the V-based Im-3m structure.
  • PDF and SANS analyses ruled out chemical ordering and clustering.
  • HEV alloys demonstrated superior oxidation resistance compared to binary V-based alloys.
  • HEV4 alloy exhibited the highest engineering yield strength among the investigated samples.

Conclusions:

  • A novel family of multi-elemental high-entropy V-based (HEV) null matrix alloys has been successfully developed.
  • These HEV alloys possess unique structural and chemical properties, including homogeneous dopant distribution and enhanced oxidation resistance.
  • The findings provide a foundational framework for the design and fabrication of advanced complex null matrix materials for diverse scientific applications, particularly in neutron scattering.