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Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

2.2K
The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ
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Engineering a Pigmented Skin Equivalent That Is Responsive to External Stimuli.

Paola De Los Santos Gomez1, Kirsty Goncalves1, Victoria Maltman1

  • 1Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new human skin equivalent (HSE) model with melanocytes for better UV radiation response. This advanced HSE provides a more accurate preclinical tool for skin research and cosmetic testing.

Keywords:
MelaninMelanocytesPigmentationSkin equivalentSkin tissue engineeringSkin toneUltraviolet radiation (UVR)

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • In vitro models
  • Skin biology

Background:

  • Human skin equivalents (HSEs) are crucial preclinical tools in dermatological research.
  • Existing HSE models often lack crucial cell types like melanocytes, limiting their ability to accurately simulate skin's response to stressors.
  • This deficiency hinders the study of UV radiation effects and melanin's protective role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an advanced full-thickness skin platform incorporating human melanocytes.
  • To create a more physiologically relevant in vitro model for studying skin pigmentation and UV protection.
  • To establish a robust platform for testing cosmetic ingredients and understanding cellular responses to environmental stressors.

Main Methods:

  • Adaptation of a novel full-thickness skin platform.
  • Incorporation of human melanocytes to produce and transfer melanin to keratinocytes.
  • Utilisation of Alvetex® scaffold and endogenous extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion by fibroblasts for dermal foundation.
  • Observation of melanin transfer and supranuclear cap formation.

Main Results:

  • Successful integration of melanocytes, leading to melanin production and transfer to keratinocytes.
  • Formation of apical supranuclear protective caps, mimicking physiological conditions.
  • Demonstration of the model's responsiveness to melanogenesis regulation (upregulation and downregulation).
  • Validation of the scaffold and fibroblast-secreted ECM in supporting pigmented epidermis and cap formation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed HSE model accurately replicates key aspects of skin pigmentation and UV protection.
  • This advanced model offers a superior in vitro tool for preclinical research, cosmetic active testing, and studying cellular responses to environmental factors.
  • The inclusion of melanocytes and a robust dermal foundation enhances the physiological relevance of HSEs for dermatological applications.