Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Brain Waves

Brain Waves

Brain waves are electrical signals generated by the neurons in the brain, which are regularly monitored to measure mental activities. Brain waves and their frequency ranges can be measured using an electroencephalogram or EEG. There are four main types of brain waves, each with distinct characteristics:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

It's not just the phase: Frequency-dependent tuning of neuronal firing.

PLoS biology·2026

Same author

Surgical Protocol for a Large, Resealable Cranial Window Enabling Longitudinal, Multi-Modal Electrophysiology Recordings of Mouse Default Mode Network.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026

Same author

Biasing predictive processing of interoceptive information affects implicit spirituality but not religiosity.

Acta psychologica·2026

Same author

Prior Expectations Bias Confidence Judgments Through Parietal Alpha-Band Modulation.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Same author

A novel bias-free approach for robust perceptual threshold estimation.

Behavior research methods·2026

Same author

Risk of Alzheimer Dementia After High-Dose vs Standard-Dose Influenza Vaccination.

Neurology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice

Published on: July 31, 2019

Top-down and bottom-up interactions rely on nested brain oscillations to shape rhythmic visual attention sampling.

Jelena Trajkovic¹, Domenica Veniero², Simon Hanslmayr³

¹Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.

|April 10, 2025

Summary

This study reveals how brain oscillations facilitate top-down attention in visual processing. By using transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalography (TMS-EEG), researchers found that alpha/beta brain waves modulate visual gamma activity, enhancing attention.

More Related Videos

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2025

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice

Published on: July 31, 2019

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Visual Processing

Background:

Adaptive visual processing relies on dynamic interactions between top-down and bottom-up neural signals.
Brain oscillations are hypothesized to mediate this information exchange in the human visual system.

Purpose of the Study:

To causally investigate the oscillatory mechanisms underlying top-down and bottom-up interactions in visual processing.
To elucidate the role of brain rhythms in modulating sensory input via attention.

Main Methods:

Concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) was employed.
Top-down signals were emulated using TMS pulses over the frontal eye field (FEF).
Sensory input strength was manipulated using moving concentric gratings.

Main Results:

FEF-TMS induced occipital phase realignment and increased fronto-occipital connectivity in the alpha/beta bands without sensory input.
Sensory input alone enhanced occipital gamma activity.
Crucially, FEF-TMS during sensory input showed increased nesting of gamma activity within alpha/beta cycles.

Conclusions:

Establishes a causal link between phase-to-power coupling and top-down modulation of feedforward visual signals.
Provides mechanistic insights into how attention interacts with sensory input at the neural level.
Demonstrates the role of rhythmic sampling in shaping visual perception.