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Causal Relationship Between Common Allergic Diseases and Keratoconus: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Xiru Yang1,2, Xinyao Yu1,2, Shan Gao1,2

  • 1Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China.

Translational Vision Science & Technology
|April 10, 2025
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Summary

Allergic asthma may increase the risk of developing keratoconus (KC) by promoting ocular inflammation. Other allergic diseases like allergic conjunctivitis and atopic dermatitis were not found to be significantly associated with KC development.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive eye condition affecting corneal shape.
  • Allergic diseases are common and may influence KC development through various mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal genetic links between several allergic diseases and the development of keratoconus (KC).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European ancestry.
  • Employed the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method to assess causal effects.
  • Conducted pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and leave-one-out analyses for robustness.

Main Results:

  • Allergic asthma showed a statistically significant association with an increased risk of KC (OR = 2.18, P = 0.048).
  • No significant causal associations were found between KC and allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, or allergic urticaria.

Conclusions:

  • Allergic asthma may be a contributing factor to keratoconus development, potentially via increased ocular inflammation.
  • Clinical consideration of increased KC risk in patients with allergic asthma is warranted.