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Structural brain pattern abnormalities in tinnitus with and without hearing loss.

Li Qin1, Qiu Ge2, Chaoqi Shi3

  • 1Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders/Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, PR China; TMS center, Deqing Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Deqing, Zhejiang, PR China.

Hearing Research
|April 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tinnitus and hearing loss cause brain gray matter volume changes. Tinnitus distress correlates with structural changes in specific brain regions, while hearing loss impacts insular patterns, suggesting distinct management approaches.

Keywords:
Hearing lossSBMStructural MRISubjective tinnitusVBM

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Audiology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Subjective tinnitus frequently co-occurs with hearing loss, sharing underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • This comorbidity leads to widespread gray matter volume (GMV) alterations in the brain, affecting neural networks.
  • Multivariate analysis is crucial for understanding the distinct structural brain changes associated with tinnitus and hearing loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific structural brain patterns associated with tinnitus and co-occurring hearing loss.
  • To differentiate the neural network alterations caused by tinnitus alone versus tinnitus with hearing loss.
  • To explore the relationship between these structural brain patterns and clinical characteristics like tinnitus distress and depressive symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Structural MRI and audiometry were performed on 50 tinnitus patients and 50 matched controls.
  • Patients were categorized into tinnitus with hearing loss (T+HL) and tinnitus without hearing loss (T-HL) groups.
  • Source-Based Morphometry (SBM), an Independent Component Analysis (ICA) based method, analyzed GMV patterns. Spearman's correlation examined associations with clinical data.

Main Results:

  • In tinnitus patients without hearing loss (T-HL), structural abnormalities in the medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and auditory cortex correlated negatively with tinnitus distress.
  • In tinnitus patients with hearing loss (T+HL), structural brain patterns involving the insula showed a negative association with depressive symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Tinnitus-related structural brain patterns involve the middle frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area (SMA), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), negatively correlating with distress, suggesting adaptive mechanisms.
  • The structural brain pattern involving the insula, putamen, and superior temporal gyrus is primarily influenced by hearing loss.
  • Findings support the clinical utility of audiometric subgrouping for tinnitus management.