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Quantifying CSF Flow with Phase Contrast Techniques.

Karin Markenroth Bloch1

  • 1Lund University Bioimaging Centre (LBIC), Lund University, Box 117, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
|April 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) offers unique ways to measure cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow noninvasively. This article details the phase contrast (PC) MRI technique for CSF flow quantification and its advancements.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics are crucial for neurological health.
  • Noninvasive quantification of CSF flow is essential for diagnosing and monitoring various neurological conditions.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides advanced capabilities for in vivo physiological measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the Magnetic Resonance (MR) phase contrast (PC) technique for quantifying cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) velocity and flow.
  • To highlight common pitfalls associated with the MR phase contrast (PC) technique.
  • To introduce recent developments in MR phase contrast (PC) techniques for CSF motion measurement.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed description of the MR phase contrast (PC) technique for velocity and flow measurements.
Keywords:
2D flow4D flowCSFPhase contrast MR

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  • Discussion of potential challenges and common pitfalls encountered during CSF flow quantification.
  • Introduction of advanced MR techniques: real-time PC, dual-velocity encodding (VENC) PC, and volumetric PC.

    • Main Results:

    • The MR phase contrast (PC) technique enables noninvasive quantification of CSF flow in the spinal canal and ventricular system.
    • Identified common pitfalls that can affect the accuracy of CSF flow measurements.
    • Demonstrated the application of various MR PC techniques, including advanced methods, for measuring CSF motion.

    Conclusions:

    • MR phase contrast (PC) imaging is a powerful tool for noninvasively assessing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics.
    • Understanding and mitigating common pitfalls are crucial for accurate CSF flow quantification.
    • Advancements in MR PC techniques offer improved capabilities for studying CSF motion in clinical and research settings.