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Feasibility of an Ultra-Low-Dose PET Scan Protocol with CT-Based and LSO-TX-Based Attenuation Correction Using a

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Long-axial-field-of-view (LAFOV) PET scanners allow reduced radiotracer doses. A CT-less attenuation correction method using detector background radiation provides comparable image quality to CT-based methods for ultra-low-dose PET scans.

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PETattenuation correctiondeep learninglow-dosesimultaneous reconstruction

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Radiological Physics

Background:

  • Long-axial-field-of-view (LAFOV) PET scanners reduce radiotracer activity needs.
  • Whole-body CT for attenuation correction increases radiation exposure.
  • CT-less attenuation correction methods are sought to minimize radiation dose.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate feasibility of ultra-low-dose PET protocols with LAFOV scanners.
  • Evaluate a CT-less attenuation correction method using lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) background transmission (LSO-TX).
  • Compare image quality and SUV accuracy between CT-based and LSO-TX-based attenuation correction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an ultra-low-dose 18F-FDG PET protocol (6.7-9.0 MBq) on an LAFOV scanner in 4 subjects.
  • Reconstructed PET images using low-count data with CT-based and LSO-TX-based attenuation maps.
  • Assessed image quality via signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the liver and contrast-to-noise ratio in the brain.
  • Quantified absolute errors in Standardized Uptake Values (SUVs) between the two attenuation correction methods.

Main Results:

  • High-quality PET images were achieved with 20-30 min of data using <10 MBq 18F-FDG.
  • Comparable SNRs and contrast-to-noise ratios were observed between CT-based and LSO-TX-based micro-maps across all scan durations.
  • Mean SNRs at 20-min scan duration were 5.5 ± 1.2 dB (CT-based) and 5.6 ± 1.2 dB (LSO-TX-based).
  • Relative absolute SUV errors ranged from 3.1% to 6.4% with LSO-TX-based correction at 20-min scan duration.

Conclusions:

  • LAFOV PET scanners can maintain visual image quality with ultra-low 18F-FDG doses (<10 MBq) and short scan times (20-30 min).
  • The LSO-TX-based CT-less attenuation correction method provides comparable results to CT-based methods in these low-dose protocols.
  • This approach has the potential to significantly reduce radiation exposure in PET imaging.