Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Maternal nutritional status and the risk of metabolic syndrome in pregnancy: implications for public health nutrition.

Frontiers in public health·2026

Same author

Application of axial load-share ratio testing technology in the bone transport treatment of large segmental tibial bone defects.

BMC musculoskeletal disorders·2026

Same author

Aeroallergen Sensitization Status in West China from 2024 to 2025.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026

Same author

Changes in Epidemiological Characteristics in Children with <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Seropositivity in Southwest China from 2022 to 2023.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026

Same author

Impaired default mode network connectivity and deviated dorsal-ventral attention networks in catamenial epilepsy.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B·2026

Same author

Establishment of an intelligent auto-verification system for infectious serological markers in a clinical laboratory from West China.

Medicine·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

HIV testing algorithm using fourth generation reagents reduces the false positive rate of screening tests.

Yu Gou^1,2, Zhengxiang Gao^1,2, Yifei Duan^1,2

¹Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Scientific Reports

|April 10, 2025

Summary

Retesting HIV screening samples with two fourth-generation assays significantly reduced false positives from 0.11% to 0.04%. This improved algorithm enhances accuracy in diagnosing HIV infection, especially in women and children.

Keywords:

Elecsys® HIV DUO assay False-positive HIV Screening tests Testing algorithm

More Related Videos

Prediction of HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage Tropism by Sequence Analysis using a Genotypic Approach

Prediction of HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage Tropism by Sequence Analysis using a Genotypic Approach

Published on: December 1, 2011

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Published on: September 26, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2025

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

Prediction of HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage Tropism by Sequence Analysis using a Genotypic Approach

Prediction of HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage Tropism by Sequence Analysis using a Genotypic Approach

Published on: December 1, 2011

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Published on: September 26, 2011

Area of Science:

Clinical Diagnostics
Infectious Disease Research
Public Health

Background:

HIV screening is crucial for early detection and treatment.
High false-positive rates in initial screening can lead to patient anxiety and unnecessary follow-up.
Optimizing HIV testing algorithms is essential to improve diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the causes and rates of false-positive results in HIV screening.
To evaluate the effectiveness of a retesting algorithm using two fourth-generation HIV assays.
To reduce false-positive rates and improve the positive predictive value of HIV testing.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 380,390 HIV screening samples tested between 2020 and 2023.
Initial screening using the Roche Elecsys® HIV combi PT assay.
Retesting of reactive samples with Determine HIV Early Detect and Elecsys® HIV DUO assays.
Confirmation of true positives using supplementary tests.

Main Results:

Out of 380,390 samples, 555 were initially reactive.
Retesting reduced reactive samples to 256, with 122 confirmed as true positives.
The false-positive rate decreased from 0.11% to 0.04%.
False-positive samples had significantly lower median cut-off index (COI) compared to true positives.
Pregnancy, tumor, and infertility were common diagnoses in false-positive patients.

Conclusions:

Retesting with two different fourth-generation HIV assays effectively reduces false-positive rates.
The enhanced algorithm improves the positive predictive value of HIV screening.
False-positive results necessitate careful follow-up to definitively rule out HIV infection.