Computer vision for primate behavior analysis in the wild

Advances in computer vision and increasingly widespread video-based behavioral monitoring are currently transforming how we study animal behavior. However, there is still a gap between the prospects and practical application, especially in videos from the wild. In this Perspective, we aim to present the capabilities of current methods for behavioral analysis, while at the same time highlighting unsolved computer vision problems that are relevant to the study of animal behavior. We survey state-of-the-art methods for computer vision problems relevant to the video-based study of individualized animal behavior, including object detection, multi-animal tracking, individual identification and (inter)action understanding. We then review methods for effort-efficient learning, one of the challenges from a practical perspective. In our outlook on the emerging field of computer vision for animal behavior, we argue that the field should develop approaches to unify detection, tracking, identification and (inter)action understanding in a single, video-based framework.