Immune status assessment based on plasma proteomics with meta graph convolutional networks

Plasma proteins, especially immune-related proteins, are vital for assessing immune health and predicting disease risks. Despite their significance, the link between these proteins and systemic immune function remains unclear. To bridge this gap, researchers developed ProMetaGCN, a model integrating meta-learning, graph convolutional networks, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) data to evaluate immune status via plasma proteomics. This framework identified 309 immune-related factors with associated biological functions and pathways. Using six machine learning methods, four algorithms (Random Forest, LightGBM, XGBoost, Lasso) were selected for immune profiling and aging analysis, revealing ADAMTS13, GDF15, and SERPINF2 as key biomarkers. Validation across two COVID-19 cohorts confirmed the model's robustness, showing immune status correlates with infection progression and recovery. Furthermore, the study proposed ImmuneAgeGap, a novel metric linking immune profiles to survival rates in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. These insights advance personalized immune health strategies and disease prevention.