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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
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Proposing Altermagnetic-Ferroelectric Type-III Multiferroics with Robust Magnetoelectric Coupling.

Wei Sun1, Changhong Yang1, Wenxuan Wang2

  • 1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Green and Intelligent Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|April 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers propose novel type-III multiferroics using altermagnets for strong spin-ferroelectric locking. Ferroelectric switching deterministically controls altermagnetic spin polarization, enabling new spintronic devices.

Keywords:
2D van der waals materialsaltermagnetismmagnetoelectric couplingmultiferroicssliding ferroelectricity

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Multiferroic materials exhibit coexisting ferroelectric polarization and magnetism with magnetoelectric coupling.
  • Conventional magnets are isolated from ferroelectrics due to spatial symmetry.
  • Altermagnets possess unique, symmetry-protected spin polarization, offering a route to overcome this isolation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel class of type-III multiferroics leveraging altermagnet symmetry.
  • To achieve intrinsic spin-ferroelectric locking distinct from conventional multiferroics.
  • To establish new design principles for magnetoelectric materials and spintronic devices.

Main Methods:

  • First-principles calculations to investigate material properties.
  • Theoretical modeling of spin-ferroelectric locking in altermagnetic systems.
  • Proposing experimental verification using the magneto-optical Kerr effect.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated ferroelectric switching can fully invert altermagnetic spin polarization (180° magnetic spin reversal).
  • Established a new class of multiferroics with intrinsic and deterministic magnetoelectric coupling.
  • Showcased altermagnetic phase control by ferroelectrics.

Conclusions:

  • This work redefines the design principles for magnetoelectric materials.
  • It lays the foundation for next-generation spintronic devices utilizing altermagnetism.
  • Introduced a novel pathway for achieving strong spin-ferroelectric coupling.