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A Portable Arsenic Sensor Integrating Bacillus megaterium with CMOS Technology.

Chelsea Y Hu1,2, John McManus1, Fatemeh Aghlmand1

  • 1Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States.

ACS Synthetic Biology
|April 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We engineered Bacillus megaterium bacteria for arsenic detection, achieving a low detection threshold suitable for drinking water. This innovation enables field-deployable arsenic sensors for resource-limited settings.

Keywords:
arsenic detectionbacillus megateriumcmosintegrated biosensorsporeswhole-cell sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Environmental monitoring
  • Microbial biosensors

Background:

  • Bacteria sense environmental changes via gene expression.
  • Synthetic biology enables designing bacterial sensors.
  • Bacillus megaterium is ideal for heavy metal detection due to tolerance and sporulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a Bacillus megaterium-based sensor for arsenic detection.
  • Establish a detection threshold below EPA recommendations for drinking water.
  • Create a field-deployable sensor system for arsenic detection.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic modification of Bacillus megaterium for arsenic detection.
  • Testing detection limits in both vegetative and spore forms.
  • Integration of engineered bacteria with a CMOS chip for real-time detection.

Main Results:

  • Achieved arsenic detection below 10 ppb in both cell forms.
  • Demonstrated a low limit of detection (LOD) for soil and food analysis.
  • Validated a proof-of-concept for field-deployable arsenic detection.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered Bacillus megaterium offers a viable platform for arsenic detection.
  • The integrated sensor system is suitable for resource-limited environments.
  • This technology enables real-time arsenic monitoring in challenging settings.