A 19-year-old male with truncus arteriosus type I: a rare case report from Syria

Truncus arteriosus type I is an uncommon congenital heart anomaly distinguished by the presence of a single arterial trunk emanating from the heart, resulting in the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Timely surgical intervention is crucial to segregate pulmonary and systemic circulations for improved prognoses.

This report details a 19-year-old male presenting with chronic cyanosis, digital clubbing, and a diagnosis of Eisenmenger syndrome. Laboratory evaluations indicated elevated levels of hemoglobin, uric acid, urea, and C-reactive protein, while electrolyte levels remained within normal limits. Diagnostic imaging revealed significant pulmonary artery hypertension, a considerable perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) with bidirectional shunting, alongside aortic arch anomalies.

Owing to the irreversible pulmonary pressure and diminished cardiac output attributable to the VSD, surgical repair was deemed unfeasible. Hence, a conservative management approach was adopted, emphasizing pulse monitoring, iron supplementation, renal function assessment, infection prophylaxis, hemorrhage prevention, and appropriate vaccinations.

This case report underscores the complexities in managing a 19-year-old male with Eisenmenger syndrome, emphasizing the need for a conservative approach and continual monitoring to enhance patient outcomes.