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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
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Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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Asepsis01:28

Asepsis

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The condition of being free from disease-causing living pathogens is asepsis. Aseptic techniques include a set of standard practices to achieve asepsis. An example is the regular environmental cleaning of all parts of the healthcare facility and hand hygiene at home before preparing or eating food. Medical and surgical asepsis in healthcare practice protects patients from harmful pathogens, minimizes the risk of contamination of susceptible sites, and reduces the risk of infection transmission.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Surgical Site Infection Rates in Five Middle Eastern Countries: International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium

Victor Daniel Rosenthal1,2, Ruijie Yin1, Zhilin Jin1

  • 1Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.

Oman Medical Journal
|April 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Surgical site infection (SSI) rates in Middle Eastern hospitals largely align with national benchmarks. Targeted interventions are recommended for procedures with higher SSI rates, such as coronary artery bypass and exploratory abdominal surgery.

Keywords:
BahrainDelivery of HealthcareDrug Resistance, MicrobialKuwaitLebanonSaudi ArabiaSurgical Wound Infection

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare epidemiology
  • Infectious disease surveillance
  • Surgical outcomes research

Background:

  • Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a significant concern in healthcare settings.
  • International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) hospitals monitor infection rates across various regions.
  • Comparing regional SSI rates with established benchmarks is crucial for quality improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare surgical site infection (SSI) rates in International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) member hospitals in the Middle East with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC/NHSN) data.
  • To identify specific surgical procedures with notably different SSI rates between the two surveillance systems.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort multinational surveillance data were collected from 29 INICC hospitals in the Middle East between 2014 and 2023.
  • Surgical procedures (SPs) were classified using the International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision (ICD-9).
  • SSI definitions from the CDC/NHSN were applied to analyze 21,322 SPs and 304 SSIs.

Main Results:

  • Overall SSI rates in INICC Middle East hospitals were comparable to CDC/NHSN data for six procedure types, including breast surgery and cholecystectomy.
  • A significantly lower SSI rate was observed for cesarean sections in INICC hospitals (1.04%) compared to CDC/NHSN (1.5%).
  • Higher SSI rates were found in INICC hospitals for appendix surgery (1.8% vs. 1.1%), coronary artery bypass (4.5% vs. 1.4%), open reduction of fracture (2.5% vs. 1.1%), and exploratory abdominal surgery (3.8% vs. 1.7%).

Conclusions:

  • Most SSI rates in the studied Middle Eastern hospitals are similar to CDC/NHSN benchmarks.
  • Specific procedures, including coronary artery bypass and exploratory abdominal surgery, demonstrated significantly higher SSI rates in the INICC cohort.
  • Implementing targeted interventions for high-SSI procedures is recommended to improve patient safety.