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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides02:17

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

4.5K
Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are generally represented as RSH, where R is an alkyl substituent and —SH is the functional group. On the other hand, in sulfides, the central sulfur atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups on either side. Depending upon the type of group, sulfides can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Both thiols and sulfides display a bent geometry,...
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Sulfonic Group Modified Binder Endows Rapid Lithium-Ion Diffusion for SiO Microparticle Anode.

Zheng Weng1, Gang Wu1, Jiaqi Li1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 P. R. China.

Small Science
|April 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A novel ion-conductive binder enhances silicon anodes for batteries. This binder improves lithium-ion diffusion and mechanical stability, boosting cycling performance and rate capability for high-energy applications.

Keywords:
SiOx microparticlelithium-ion diffusionstress dissipationsulfonic acid anionic group

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Silicon anodes offer high specific capacity but suffer from poor cycling stability due to large volume expansion and particle pulverization.
  • These issues lead to stress concentration, loss of electrical contact, and degraded battery performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an ion-conductive binder that enhances the electrochemical performance of silicon-based anodes.
  • To address the challenges of volume expansion and particle pulverization in silicon anodes.

Main Methods:

  • Free radical polymerization of acrylic acid and lithiated 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (LiAMPS) to create an ion-conductive binder.
  • Incorporation of sulfonic acid anionic groups for enhanced lithium-ion diffusion.
  • Utilizing noncovalent hydrogen bonds for improved mechanical properties to alleviate stress.

Main Results:

  • The P(AA-co-LiAMPS) binder significantly improved lithium-ion diffusion kinetics and rate performance.
  • The binder effectively alleviated stress concentration, preventing particle pulverization and maintaining electrode structural integrity.
  • Silicon microparticle anodes with the new binder achieved a capacity of 587.8 mAh g⁻¹ after 400 cycles at 1C and 648.6 mAh g⁻¹ at 5C.

Conclusions:

  • The synergistic strategy of enhancing ion diffusion and mechanical stability provides a promising approach for high-performance silicon anodes.
  • The developed ion-conductive binder demonstrates significant potential for advancing high-energy-density battery technologies.