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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Acid Strength and Molecular Structure03:05

Acid Strength and Molecular Structure

Binary Acids and Bases
In the absence of any leveling effect, the acid strength of binary compounds of hydrogen with nonmetals (A) increases as the H-A bond strength decreases down a group in the periodic table. For group 17, the order of increasing acidity is HF < HCl < HBr < HI. Likewise, for group 16, the order of increasing acid strength is H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te. Across a row in the periodic table, the acid strength of binary hydrogen compounds increases with increasing...
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
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Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual remembers mundane...
Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory01:23

Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory

Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
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High-Strength and Tough Acid-Base Complex Hydrogels with Memory-Forgetting and Shape-Memory Features.

Xiang Guo1, Hong Wang2,3, Xinghong Xiong3

  • 1School of Medicine Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 China.

Small Science
|April 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

New acid-base complex (ABC) hydrogels offer enhanced toughness and stability in saline solutions. These materials exhibit unique shape-memory properties due to their glassy polymer backbones.

Keywords:
acid-base complexdynamic supramolecular hydrogelsmechanical propertiesmemory-forgetting featuresshape-memory

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Tough hydrogels are crucial for advanced applications.
  • Existing electrostatic complex hydrogels often lack stability in saline environments or exhibit low mechanical strength.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel acid-base complex (ABC) hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties and stability.
  • To investigate the influence of glassy polymer backbones on hydrogel behavior, including mechanical strength and thermal responsiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of acid-base complex (ABC) hydrogels using poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) and glassy poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA).
  • Dialysis-free preparation process for hydrogel fabrication.
  • Characterization of hydrogel mechanical properties (moduli, yielding points, stretchability) and thermal-responsive behaviors.

Main Results:

  • The ABC hydrogels demonstrated high moduli (227 MPa) and yielding points (3 MPa) with moderate stretchability (300% strain).
  • The hydrogels maintained structural integrity in saline solutions.
  • The glassy nature of the poly(methacrylic acid) chains induced shape-memory effects and inverse memory-forgetting behaviors with temperature changes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ABC hydrogels offer a robust and stable alternative to existing tough hydrogel systems.
  • The incorporation of glassy polymer backbones provides a versatile strategy for designing advanced hydrogel materials with tunable mechanical and thermal properties.
  • This approach may pave the way for innovative applications in fields requiring resilient and responsive soft materials.