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Updated: May 14, 2025

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Walking on Collaterals: Unveiling Discrepancies in Gender-Based Variances in Peripheral Arterial Disease

Maria A Rodriguez-Santiago1, Andres Garcia-Berrios1, Jose Martinez-Toro1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PRI.

Cureus
|April 11, 2025
PubMed

Insights

This case highlights how severe peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in women is often underdiagnosed due to atypical symptoms, impacting treatment and outcomes. Early Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) screening is vital for timely diagnosis and improved patient care.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) diagnosis and management in women present unique challenges.
  • Underdiagnosis of PAD in women contributes to delayed treatment and poorer health outcomes.
  • Comorbidities like hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and osteoporosis are common in women with PAD.

Observation:

  • A 63-year-old woman with multiple comorbidities presented with acute coronary syndrome and heart failure.
  • Severe abdominal aortic obstruction was discovered, indicating undiagnosed peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
  • Symptoms were atypical, leading to delayed diagnosis and suboptimal management of her vascular condition.

Findings:

  • Women with PAD frequently exhibit atypical or absent symptoms, complicating early detection.
  • Delayed PAD diagnosis in women is linked to inadequate comorbidity management and less aggressive treatment strategies.
  • The Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) is a crucial screening tool for identifying PAD in women.

Implications:

  • Implementing routine ABI screening in women can improve PAD detection rates.
  • Addressing diagnostic challenges and healthcare disparities is essential for better PAD outcomes in women.
  • Earlier PAD diagnosis can lead to more timely and effective interventions, potentially improving patient prognosis.

Keywords:
ankle-brachial indexgender-specific risk factorshealthcare-system inequalitiesperipheral arterial diseasewomen’s health

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