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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Formation of Species01:31

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Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.
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Overview
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Symbiosis00:58

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Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
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Types of Selection01:46

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Mate Choice01:20

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Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2025

Automated Separation of C. elegans Variably Colonized by a Bacterial Pathogen
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Secondary Sympatry as a Sorting Process.

Sean A S Anderson1,2, Daniel R Matute2

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Ecology Letters
|April 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Species sorting, a bias in secondary contact, explains how species evolve differences in allopatry to coexist in sympatry. This process is crucial for understanding biodiversity patterns.

Keywords:
character displacementcoexistencereinforcementspeciationspecies sortingsympatry

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Speciation

Background:

  • Elevated trait disparity is observed in sympatric versus allopatric populations.
  • Character displacement, driven by costly interactions, was an early explanation for this pattern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the hypothesis of 'species sorting' as a driver of trait disparity and sympatry.
  • To define ecological and reproductive species sorting and integrate related concepts like differential fusion and the Templeton effect.
  • To distinguish trait differences promoting sympatry from those hindering it and discuss biogeographic impacts.

Main Methods:

  • Defining species sorting analogous to character displacement.
  • Applying coexistence and community assembly theories.
  • Synthesizing existing concepts within the species sorting framework.

Main Results:

  • Species sorting posits that lineages require pre-evolved trait differences in allopatry to establish sympatry.
  • Distinguishes trait differences that facilitate versus inhibit sympatry.
  • Identifies new empirical methods to differentiate species sorting from character displacement.

Conclusions:

  • Species sorting is a significant, yet under-discussed, factor in speciation and secondary sympatry.
  • Understanding species sorting is key to explaining major biodiversity patterns.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the role of species sorting in generating biodiversity.