Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Prospective Study

A prospective observational study was conducted to find out the risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). A total of 311 preterm infants with gestational age ≤34 weeks and birth weight ≤2000 g admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were screened by Indirect ophthalmoscopy. Both univariate (Chi-square test) and multivariate regression analysis were used for analyzing risk factors. Any stage of ROP was seen in 58 (18.64%) infants, Plus disease in 13 eyes of 7 infants, and aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity in 1 infant. In univariate analysis, gestational diabetes, type of delivery, gestational age, birth weight, hemoglobin at birth, Apgar at 1 and 5 min, duration of oxygen administration, ventilator support, continuous positive airway pressure, hood, nasal prongs, hyaline membrane disease, surfactant, PDA, sepsis, and weight on postnatal day 15 showed statistically significant association with ROP. Gestational diabetes (P = 0.029), duration of oxygen administration (P = 0.003), and gestational age (P = 0.012) were statistically significant in multivariate analysis.