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CD24 and tumor budding as a prognostic variable in carcinoma gall bladder: A pilot study
Devanshi Brajesh Dubey1, Preeti Agarwal1, Ajay Kumar Singh1
1Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics
|April 11, 2025
Summary
CD24 expression and tumor budding are key prognostic markers in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). Positive CD24 expression indicates a better prognosis, while tumor budding predicts poor differentiation and chemotherapy response.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Cancer Biology
- Immunohistochemistry
Background:
- CD24, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked cell surface protein, is implicated in various cancers.
- Its role in tumor development, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis prevention is multifaceted.
- CD24 can also inhibit invasiveness by degrading BART mRNA.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate CD24 expression in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC).
- To assess the correlation between CD24 expression and tumor budding.
- To determine the prognostic significance of CD24 and tumor budding in GBC.
Main Methods:
- Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for CD24 on 87 GBC tissue samples.
- Evaluation of CD24 expression intensity (negative, mild, moderate, strong).
- Assessment of tumor budding on H&E slides in a defined area.
Main Results:
- CD24 positive expression was observed in 77.5% of GBC cases.
- Positive CD24 expression inversely correlated with tumor stage, necrosis, and lymphovascular invasion.
- Tumor budding correlated with poor differentiation and higher tumor grade; higher budding indicated better chemotherapy response in poorly differentiated cancers.
Conclusions:
- CD24 and tumor budding serve as valuable prognostic markers for risk stratification in GBC.
- GBC cases with positive CD24 expression may benefit from anti-CD24 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy.
- Tumor budding should be considered for inclusion in gallbladder cancer morphological synoptic reporting.
