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Human sporadic breast carcinoma histotypes driven by the Human Betaretrovirus homologous to Mouse Mammary Tumor

Prospero Civita1, Chiara Maria Mazzanti1, Francesca Lessi1

  • 1Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy.

International Journal of Cancer
|April 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Human Betaretrovirus (HBRV) is linked to sporadic breast cancer, not hereditary forms. Viral sequences were found in 20% of sporadic tumors, supporting a viral cause for these cancers.

Keywords:
breast cancer etiologybreast cancer histotypehuman betaretrovirus‐HBRVhuman mammary tumor virus‐HMTVmouse mammary tumor virus‐MMTV

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The viral hypothesis for human breast cancer is modeled on the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV).
  • Known risk factors like obesity and alcohol are not directly causal in sporadic breast carcinoma.
  • Human Betaretrovirus (HBRV/HMTV) is the human homolog of MMTV and implicated in sporadic breast cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between Human Betaretrovirus (HBRV/HMTV) and sporadic versus hereditary breast carcinoma.
  • To explore the potential viral etiology of diverse human breast carcinoma histotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 253 invasive breast carcinoma cases across 15 histotypes.
  • Detection of HBRV/MMTV-ENV sequences in tumor samples.
  • Comparison of viral sequence presence in sporadic versus hereditary breast cancer subtypes.

Main Results:

  • HBRV/MMTV-ENV sequences were detected in 20% of sporadic invasive breast carcinoma cases.
  • Viral sequences were absent in hereditary breast cancer histotypes (medullary, apocrine, metaplastic).
  • Findings support a viral etiology for sporadic breast carcinoma and differentiate it from hereditary forms.

Conclusions:

  • HBRV/HMTV is associated with sporadic breast carcinoma, not hereditary types.
  • Viral infection may influence the diverse histotypes observed in sporadic breast cancer.
  • The "hit and run" hypothesis of viral carcinogenesis is supported, with potential roles for Int genes and specific viral strains.