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Chronic Lung Disease after Hospitalization with Adenovirus or Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Tatjana Zaharov1, Kristina Træholt Franck2, Ulrikka Nygaard3,4

  • 1From the Department for Children and Adolescents, Zeeland University Hospital, Nykobing F, Denmark.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|April 11, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Hospitalization with adenovirus (AdV) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) increases children's risk of developing asthma. Interstitial lung disease risk was not confirmed after AdV infection.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric pulmonology
  • Infectious diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Previous studies suggest a high risk of interstitial lung disease (ILD) post-adenovirus (AdV) hospitalization and asthma post-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalization.
  • The long-term pulmonary sequelae following common childhood respiratory infections require further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the extent of pulmonary disease development in children hospitalized with AdV or RSV infections.
  • To assess the long-term risks of asthma, bronchiectasis, and ILD following these hospitalizations.

Main Methods:

  • A register-based cohort study design was employed.
  • Data from 4704 children hospitalized with AdV or RSV were linked to long-term health records (15-20 years) for diagnoses of asthma, bronchiectasis, ILD, and medication use.
  • An age-matched control group was utilized to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for subsequent lung conditions.

Main Results:

  • No significant increase in interstitial lung disease or bronchiectasis was observed in children hospitalized with AdV or RSV.
  • A notable risk of asthma diagnosis or medication use was found: 29% and 65% for AdV, and 22% and 51% for RSV.
  • Adjusted hazard ratios indicated a significantly increased risk of asthma post-AdV and RSV hospitalization compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • The study did not confirm an elevated risk of interstitial lung disease following adenovirus infection.
  • A considerable risk of developing asthma exists after hospitalization for both adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infections.
  • The risk of asthma following RSV hospitalization, particularly indicated by medication use, appears higher than previously reported.
Abstract

Keywords:
adenovirusasthmainterstitial lung diseaserespiratory syncytial virus

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