Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...

Position-effect Variegation

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...

Abnormal Proliferation

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Simulator-Based Versus Traditional Training of Fundus Biomicroscopy for Medical Students: A Prospective Randomized Trial.

Ophthalmology and therapy·2024

Same author

Short-term outcomes of intravitreal faricimab for refractory neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie·2024

Same author

Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) Anesthesia Analysis.

Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde·2024

Same author

Analysis of Graft Detachments and Re-Bubblings After 450 Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Procedures.

Cornea·2024

Same author

PCR testing for herpesviruses in aqueous humor samples from patients with and without clinical corneal endothelial graft rejection.

Journal of medical virology·2024

Same author

[Comparison of immunogenic and crystalline endothelial deposits after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK)-a report of two cases].

Die Ophthalmologie·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Feeder-free Derivation of Melanocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Feeder-free Derivation of Melanocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: March 3, 2016

PAX3 expression patterns in ocular surface melanocytes.

Eva Ulrich¹, Sebastian Kistenmacher¹, Gottfried Martin¹

¹Eye Center, Medical Center - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.

Scientific Reports

|April 11, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

PAX3 is mainly found in melanocytes of the ocular surface. Its increased expression in conjunctival/limbal melanoma suggests PAX3 dysregulation contributes to this aggressive eye cancer.

Keywords:

Aniridia Conjunctival melanoma Limbal epithelial progenitor cells Limbal melanoma Limbal niche cells Limbal stem cell deficiency Limbal stem cell niche Limbal stem cells Melanocytes Melanoma Mesenchymal stromal stem cells PAX3 PAX6

More Related Videos

Reverse Genetic Approach to Identify Regulators of Pigmentation using Zebrafish

Reverse Genetic Approach to Identify Regulators of Pigmentation using Zebrafish

Published on: March 1, 2022

Generation of Retinal Organoids from Healthy and Retinal Disease-Specific Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Generation of Retinal Organoids from Healthy and Retinal Disease-Specific Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: December 9, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Feeder-free Derivation of Melanocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Feeder-free Derivation of Melanocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: March 3, 2016

Reverse Genetic Approach to Identify Regulators of Pigmentation using Zebrafish

Reverse Genetic Approach to Identify Regulators of Pigmentation using Zebrafish

Published on: March 1, 2022

Generation of Retinal Organoids from Healthy and Retinal Disease-Specific Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Generation of Retinal Organoids from Healthy and Retinal Disease-Specific Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: December 9, 2022

Area of Science:

Ocular surface biology
Melanoma research
Stem cell biology

Background:

PAX3 is crucial for neural crest and melanocyte development.
Its role in ocular surface tissues, including the limbal stem cell niche, is not well understood.
Conjunctival/limbal melanoma is an aggressive ocular malignancy.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate PAX3 expression in the limbal stem cell niche (limbal epithelial progenitor cells, limbal melanocytes, limbal mesenchymal stem cells).
To analyze PAX3 expression in conjunctival/limbal melanoma tissues.
To understand PAX3's potential role in ocular surface pathophysiology and melanoma development.

Main Methods:

Immunohistochemical analysis of PAX3 expression.
Co-localization studies with melanocyte and proliferation markers (Melan-A, HMB45, SOX10, Ki-67).
Comparison of PAX3 expression in healthy ocular tissues versus melanoma specimens.

Main Results:

PAX3 expression was predominantly observed in limbal melanocytes and conjunctival melanocytes.
PAX3 was significantly upregulated in conjunctival/limbal melanoma tissues compared to healthy tissues.
PAX3 expression in melanoma co-localized with melanocyte and proliferation markers.

Conclusions:

PAX3 expression is restricted to melanocytes in the conjunctival and limbal tissues.
PAX3 dysregulation may be a key factor in the development of conjunctival/limbal melanoma.
Further research into PAX3's mechanisms could reveal therapeutic targets for ocular melanoma.