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Related Concept Videos

Microcracking in Concrete01:20

Microcracking in Concrete

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Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
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Non-structural cracks are primarily of three types: plastic, early-age thermal, and drying shrinkage cracks. Plastic cracks are further classified into plastic shrinkage cracks and plastic settlement cracks.
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Concrete exhibits specific behaviors under different compressive loads. Understanding this is crucial for understanding its structural integrity. When concrete undergoes uniaxial compression, it tends to develop cracks that run parallel to the direction of the force. These parallel cracks stem from localized tensile stresses that occur perpendicular to the compression direction. Additionally, angled cracks may appear due to the formation of shear planes.
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Considering the tensile strength of concrete involves recognizing that the theoretical strength of cement paste can be up to a thousand times higher than what is observed in practical applications. This significant discrepancy is largely attributed to the presence of microscopic cracks within the concrete. These cracks tend to amplify stress at their tips when a load is applied, a phenomenon explained by Griffith's theory of brittle fracture.
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Updated: May 14, 2025

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System
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Quantitative characterization and evolutionary patterns of coal cracks based on crack tensor analysis.

Pengyu Mu1, Shouguang Wang2,3, Jiamin Wang1

  • 1Academy of Deep Earth Sciences, China Coal Research Institute, Beijing, 100013, China.

Scientific Reports
|April 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study uses computerized tomography (CT) to analyze coal crack evolution under stress. Crack tensor analysis quantifies damage, revealing an exponential relationship between stress and crack evolution for assessing coal integrity.

Keywords:
CT scanningCrack evolutionCrack tensorQuantitative characterizationRock mechanics

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Area of Science:

  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Rock Mechanics

Background:

  • Coal deformation and failure are significantly influenced by internal crack structures.
  • Quantitative characterization of crack features and their evolution is essential for understanding coal behavior.
  • Previous methods lacked comprehensive multi-dimensional analysis of crack evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolution of cracks in coal samples under uniaxial compression using computerized tomography (CT).
  • To apply crack tensor theory for quantitative characterization of crack features and their evolutionary patterns.
  • To establish a relationship between stress levels and coal damage based on crack tensor parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a computerized tomography (CT) system to observe crack evolution in loaded coal samples at various uniaxial compression stages.
  • Applied crack tensor theory to calculate crack tensor parameters (direction, fabric, and overall tensor) at each stage.
  • Analyzed the trace of the coal crack fabric tensor to quantify crack evolution patterns and its relationship with stress.

Main Results:

  • The crack direction tensor accurately reflects average crack orientation.
  • The crack fabric tensor effectively represents crack size and damage features.
  • The crack tensor provides a quantitative multi-dimensional description of coal cracks.
  • The trace of the coal crack fabric tensor shows a pattern of slow, steady, then rapid increase during evolution.
  • An exponential function was identified between the trace of the coal crack tensor and applied stress.

Conclusions:

  • Crack tensor theory offers a robust method for quantitatively characterizing multi-dimensional crack features and evolution in coal.
  • The trace of the coal crack fabric tensor serves as a reliable indicator for monitoring crack evolution patterns.
  • The established stress-damage relationship enables effective assessment of coal damage degree under varying stress conditions.