Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) presents with diverse symptoms depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer include dull pain and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region.
Few clinical manifestations differentiate gastric ulcers from duodenal ulcers. Distinctions in the location, timing, and pain relief are crucial for healthcare providers in differentiating between gastric and duodenal ulcers during clinical assessments.
Serum Laboratory Studies, Stool Test, Breath Test01:30

Serum Laboratory Studies, Stool Test, Breath Test

Gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostic studies are pivotal in confirming, ruling out, diagnosing, or staging various diseases, including cancers. Following diagnosis, allocating time for discussions with the patient and providing informational resources is crucial. Diagnostic assessments of the GI tract often occur in outpatient settings like endoscopy suites or GI labs. Preparation for these tests may include dietary restrictions, fasting, liquid bowel preparations, laxatives, enemas, and the...
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Treatment Trajectories and Dose Optimization of Abrocitinib in Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: A Real-World Landmark Analysis.

Clinical and experimental dermatology·2026
Same author

Evaluating the effectiveness of oral phlebotonics for the conservative management of hemorrhoidal disease: insights from the VIVI2022/01/VIVALDI study.

Frontiers in surgery·2026
Same author

Real-Life Effectiveness, Safety, and Growth Outcomes of Dupilumab in Children Aged 6 Months to 5 Years With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: A Multicenter Retrospective Study from an Italian NPP Program.

Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug·2026
Same author

Molecular Characterization and Preliminary NGS Profiling of Terbinafine-Resistant <i>Trichophyton indotineae</i> Isolates in Italy.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

A clinical perspective of Gambling Dual Disorder: an italian cross-sectional multicenter study.

Journal of psychiatric research·2026
Same author

Persistence of biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors in atopic dermatitis: preliminary 24-month analysis.

Clinical and experimental dermatology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

RNAscope for In situ Detection of Transcriptionally Active Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
10:26

RNAscope for In situ Detection of Transcriptionally Active Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: March 11, 2014

27.2K

PAP-HPV Co-Testing in Anal Cancer Screening: An Italian Experience.

Luigi Pisano1, Claudia Giachini2, Martina Turco1

  • 1Section of Dermatology, Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|April 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Co-testing anal cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) testing offers superior screening for high-grade anal lesions compared to individual tests. This combined approach is vital for early detection and prevention in at-risk populations.

Keywords:
PAP-HPV co-testinganal cancer screeninghigh-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)

More Related Videos

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis
06:57

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis

Published on: June 14, 2019

10.3K
Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection
07:35

Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection

Published on: June 8, 2020

6.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

RNAscope for In situ Detection of Transcriptionally Active Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
10:26

RNAscope for In situ Detection of Transcriptionally Active Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: March 11, 2014

27.2K
Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis
06:57

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis

Published on: June 14, 2019

10.3K
Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection
07:35

Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection

Published on: June 8, 2020

6.9K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is linked to high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection, with increasing global incidence.
  • Anal cytology and HR-HPV testing can detect SCCA precursors, but standardized screening guidelines are lacking.
  • High-resolution anoscopy (HRA) is a key diagnostic tool for anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the correlation between high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) findings and primary screening results using PAP-HPV co-testing.
  • To assess the diagnostic performance of anal cytology, HR-HPV testing, and PAP-HPV co-testing for detecting high-grade anal lesions (AIN2+).
  • To determine the optimal screening strategy for early detection of anal cancer precursors in high-risk individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, single-center study analyzing data from a joint multidisciplinary anal cancer clinic (August 2019 - September 2022).
  • Assessment of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of anal cytology, HR-HPV testing, and PAP-HPV co-testing.
  • Inclusion of 577 high-risk patients undergoing HRA, with histological correlation.

Main Results:

  • Co-testing demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 100% negative predictive value (NPV) for high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN2+).
  • Anal cytology showed 74.2% sensitivity and 63.3% specificity for AIN2+ lesions.
  • HR-HPV testing alone had 96.8% sensitivity and 38.1% specificity for AIN2+ lesions.

Conclusions:

  • PAP-HPV co-testing is the most reliable screening method for high-grade anal lesions (AIN2+), outperforming individual tests.
  • Tailored co-testing strategies are crucial for effective early detection and prevention of SCCA in high-risk patient groups.
  • No significant outcome differences were observed between HIV-positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM).