Effectiveness of Combined Cognitive Stimulation and Physical Activity Interventions on Activities of Daily Living,...

Background/Objectives: This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and synthesize scientific evidence about the combined cognitive stimulation and physical activity interventions on Activities of Daily Living (ADL), cognitive function, and physical function in older people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted between August 2024 and October 2024 using the core collection of six generic databases: PubMed, EBSCOhost, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science. The PRISMA, RoB 2, and GRADEpro tools assessed the evidence's methodological quality and certainty. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO, CRD42024577229. Results: Of 270 records identified in the databases, 9 studies were analyzed using the PICOS format. The MMSE meta-analysis showed significant improvements in cognitive function in favor of the experimental groups (p = 0.010). In contrast, no significant improvements were found for TMT-A (p = 0.51) and TMT-B (p = 0.37). No significant differences were reported for the other variables studied. Conclusions: Cognitive function, as measured by the MMSE, showed significant improvements, while the interventions analyzed did not produce significant improvements in ADL or physical function among older people with MCI. Individual studies suggest that programs that integrate both cognitive stimulation and physical activity components may provide some benefits.