Is Retinol Binding Protein 4 a Good Biomarker of Renal Function in Children with Neurogenic Bladder After...

Background: This prospective study aimed to evaluate renal function using retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), cystatin C, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in relation to physical activity and lesion level in children with neurogenic bladder (NB) post-myelomeningocele. Methods: Two groups were studied: 33 children with NB and 20 healthy controls. Data collected included demographic details, physical activity levels, uroflowmetry, urodynamic diagnosis, and renal function parameters. Urinary RBP4 and serum cystatin C were measured using ELISA, and GFR was calculated using the Schwartz formula. Results: The NB group had higher median serum cystatin C and urinary RBP4/creatinine ratios compared to the control group (0.28 vs. 0.22; 18.6 vs. 3.2, respectively). The participants were categorized based on activity levels, lesion levels, catheterization status, and urodynamic diagnosis. No differences in RBP4, cystatin C, or urodynamic diagnosis were observed according to activity and lesion levels. Significant differences in GFR were found based on activity and lesion levels, with higher median GFR in NB children (182.7 vs. 147.3). No differences were found between catheterized and non-catheterized children in the studied parameters. Conclusions: Elevated urinary RBP4 in NB patients suggests possible proximal renal tubule dysfunction. Higher serum cystatin C despite lower creatinine levels indicates altered renal function in NB children. Urinary RBP4 correlates positively with bladder pressure at maximum cystometric capacity, suggesting potential utility in therapy monitoring and modification.