Internet Use and Self-Rated Health: The Mediating Role of Physical Exercise

Background: The rise in digital engagement has positioned self-rated health (SRH) among Chinese adults as a pressing public health challenge. This study employs cross-sectional data to analyze the mechanisms by which Internet use impacts SRH outcomes, with particular emphasis on elucidating physical exercise's moderating role within this dynamic relationship. Methods: The data were obtained from the 2021 China General Social Survey (2021CGSS). The analytical sample comprised 7582 participants. An ordered probit model was used to analyze the relationship between Internet use, physical exercise, and self-rated health. To assess the robustness of the results, an alternative model and a substitute independent variable were employed. The Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) method was applied to examine the mediating role of physical exercise. Results: Significant correlations were found between Internet use, physical exercise, and self-rated health (p < 0.01). Physical exercise partially mediated the positive effect of Internet use on self-rated health, accounting for 9% of the total effect. Conclusions: This study suggests a positive relationship between Internet use and self-rated health, with physical exercise playing a mediating role. Expanding Internet access and reducing the digital divide across regions and age groups may contribute to better public health outcomes.