Workplace Verbal Violence Toward Romanian Doctors and Nurses: Prevalence, Contributing Factors, and Psychological...

Background/Objectives: Workplace violence is a critical issue in the healthcare sector, with verbal violence being the most common form. This study is the first of its kind in Romania aiming to analyze the prevalence, characteristics, contributing factors, and psychological correlates of verbal workplace violence on doctors and nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire distributed online between February and April 2022 to doctors and nurses across Romania. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-squared test, and multivariate logistic regression to evaluate contributing factors and response patterns. Results: Out of 7951 participants, 56% of doctors and 9.2% of nurses reported experiencing verbal violence in the past 12 months (p = 0.001). Shift work and night shifts significantly increased the risk of verbal violence for both groups. Women were more vulnerable, with higher exposure among nurses (OR = 1.687; p = 0.001) and doctors (OR = 1.940; p = 0.001). The main aggressors were patients and patients' relatives in both groups of participants, while vertical violence was more common among doctors. Formal reporting was low, although active reactions were more common. In terms of psychological correlates, doctors reported greater psychological strain than nurses (p = 0.001). Conclusions: This study highlights a critical need for system-wide interventions to address verbal violence in the Romanian healthcare system. Measures such as reporting protocols, staff training on conflict management, and organizational support systems are essential to prevent verbal violence and combat its contributing factors. Implementing these strategies could significantly improve the safety and well-being of healthcare professionals.