Special Considerations in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathology

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the pediatric population presents distinct characteristics compared to adult cases. Pathology plays a critical role in its diagnosis, and this review underscores key considerations in the pathologic evaluation of pediatric IBD. Recognizing inflammatory patterns in the upper gastrointestinal tract can improve disease classification and aid in diagnosing IBD in certain scenarios, such as isolated upper gastrointestinal or small bowel involvement. Additionally, familiarity with distinctive subtypes, including IBD associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis and monogenic forms of IBD, supports early comorbidity detection, enhances patient management, and improves prognostication.