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Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
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Clinical TNM Lung Cancer Staging: A Diagnostic Algorithm with a Pictorial Review.

Ivana Kuhtić1, Tinamarel Mandić Paulić1, Lucija Kovačević1

  • 1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

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The ninth edition of lung cancer staging (TNM) updates N and M categories for better anatomical classification. Radiologists using CT imaging are key to implementing these changes for improved patient care.

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International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC)TNM stagingcomputed tomography (CT)lung cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among cancers.
  • TNM staging, using CT and PET/CT scans, is crucial for lung cancer assessment.
  • Previous TNM editions required updates for better anatomical categorization and treatment optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the updates in the ninth edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer.
  • To highlight the role of radiologists in implementing the new TNM staging system.
  • To emphasize the impact of updated staging on clinical lung cancer management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) ninth edition TNM classification.
  • Analysis of key changes in N and M descriptor categories.
  • Emphasis on the application of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging.

Main Results:

  • The TNM staging system has been updated to its ninth edition, effective January 1, 2025.
  • Significant changes are introduced in the N (lymph node) and M (metastasis) categories.
  • The N2 category is now sub-classified into N2a and N2b, and M1c is divided into M1c1 and M1c2 based on organ involvement.

Conclusions:

  • The updated TNM classification enhances anatomical categorization of lung cancer.
  • Accurate staging by radiologists using CT is vital for optimal patient management.
  • The revised TNM system aims to improve interdisciplinary communication and treatment strategies.