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Adaptive Steered Frequency-Wavenumber Analysis for High-Frequency Source Localization in Shallow Water.

Y H Choi1, Gihoon Byun2, Donghyeon Kim3

  • 1Department of Ocean Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea.

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|April 12, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study enhances source localization in shallow waters using the steered frequency-wavenumber (SFK) analysis method. Adaptive techniques improve performance for high-frequency signals, accurately pinpointing sound sources even in challenging environments.

Keywords:
adaptive array signal processorsource localizationsparse vertical line arraysteered frequency–wavenumber analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Underwater acoustics
  • Array signal processing
  • Bioacoustics

Background:

  • Conventional array signal processing struggles with shallow-water source localization above 1 kHz due to environmental mismatch.
  • The steered frequency-wavenumber (SFK) analysis method offers a solution by integrating beam-steering into frequency-wavenumber analysis.
  • This enables target localization in sparse conditions with high-frequency signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the SFK method by incorporating adaptive signal processing techniques.
  • To evaluate the performance of minimum-variance distortionless response (MVDR) and white noise gain constraint (WNG) methods within the SFK framework.
  • To compare the performance of these adaptive SFK methods against the Bartlett SFK approach.

Main Methods:

  • Application of adaptive signal processing techniques, specifically MVDR and WNG, to the SFK method.
  • Localization of snapping shrimp sounds (5–24 kHz, 0.2 ms duration) using a sparse vertical array (16 sensors, 60-m aperture) in 100-m shallow water.
  • Comparison of localization accuracy between adaptive SFK methods and the Bartlett SFK approach.

Main Results:

  • The adaptive SFK methods demonstrated improved source localization performance compared to the Bartlett SFK approach.
  • Accurate localization of a snapping shrimp sound source was achieved at a range of 38 m and a depth of 99.8 m.
  • The study validates the effectiveness of adaptive SFK for high-frequency source localization in challenging shallow-water environments.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive signal processing techniques significantly enhance the steered frequency-wavenumber (SFK) method for shallow-water source localization.
  • The extended SFK method, particularly with MVDR and WNG, provides robust high-frequency target localization even with sparse sensor arrays.
  • This research offers a valuable advancement for underwater acoustic monitoring and source identification in complex environments.