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Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering

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LITES-Based Sensitive CO₂ Detection Using 2 μm Diode Laser and Self-Designed 9.5 kHz Quartz Tuning Fork.

Junjie Mu^1,2, Jinfeng Hou¹, Shaoqi Qiu³

¹National Key Laboratory of Laser Spatial Information, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|April 12, 2025

Summary

A novel carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor utilizing light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) and a custom low-frequency QTF achieves a 4.7x performance improvement. This advanced CO2 sensor demonstrates superior detection limits for environmental monitoring.

Keywords:

carbon dioxide (CO2)gas sensing light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES)quartz tuning fork

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Area of Science:

Spectroscopy
Laser Technology
Sensor Development

Background:

Accurate carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring is crucial for environmental and industrial applications.
Existing CO2 sensors face limitations in detection limits and performance.
Light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) offers a promising non-dispersive technique for gas sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize a novel CO2 sensor based on LITES.
To investigate the impact of a self-designed low-frequency trapezoidal-head Quartz Tuning Fork (QTF) on sensor performance.
To compare the performance of the novel sensor with a commercial QTF-based system.

Main Methods:

Utilized a 2 μm diode laser targeting the strongest CO2 absorption line at 2004.01 nm.
Employed a self-designed low-frequency trapezoidal-head QTF with a resonant frequency of 9464.18 Hz and Q-factor of 12,133.56.
Performed Allan variance analysis to determine the minimum detection limit (MDL).

Main Results:

The CO2-LITES sensor with the self-designed QTF exhibited excellent linear response to CO2 concentration.
Achieved an initial minimum detection limit (MDL) of 46.08 ppm.
Improved MDL to 3.59 ppm with a 100s averaging time, a 4.7-fold enhancement over the commercial QTF sensor (16.85 ppm).

Conclusions:

The self-designed low-frequency trapezoidal-head QTF significantly enhances CO2-LITES sensor performance.
The developed sensor offers a superior MDL and improved sensitivity compared to conventional QTF-based sensors.
This technology presents a significant advancement for high-performance CO2 sensing applications.