Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

3.3K
Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:
3.3K
IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching01:24

IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching

884
In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in...
884
The Electromagnetic Spectrum01:24

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

14.6K
Electromagnetic waves are categorized according to their wavelengths and frequencies, giving the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are classified as radio, infrared, ultraviolet, etc. Radio waves refer to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from millimeters to kilometers. Radio waves are commonly used for audio communications (i.e., radios) and typically result from an alternating current in the wires of a broadcast antenna. They cover a broad wavelength range and are used...
14.6K
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

1.4K
When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
1.4K
IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding01:23

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

770
The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular...
770
Bandpass Sampling01:17

Bandpass Sampling

146
In signal processing, bandpass sampling is an effective technique for sampling signals that have most of their energy concentrated within a narrow frequency band. This type of signal is known as a bandpass signal. The key principle of bandpass sampling involves sampling the signal at a rate that is greater than twice the signal's bandwidth to prevent aliasing.
A bandpass signal has a spectrum with a lower frequency limit, denoted as ω1, and an upper frequency limit, denoted as ω2....
146

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fault Tolerant Spectral/Spatial Optical Code Division Multiple Access Passive Optical Network.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

A High-Capacity Optical Metro Access Network: Efficiently Recovering Fiber Failures with Robust Switching and Centralized Optical Line Terminal.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Comparison of lung scintigraphy with multi-slice spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.

Clinical nuclear medicine·2009
Same author

[Analysis on the characters of injuries in body surface and deduction of injury-causing instruments in 146 cases].

Fa yi xue za zhi·2009
Same author

Impact of ketone and amino on the inner shell of guanine.

Journal of synchrotron radiation·2009
Same author

Actin turnover is required for myosin-dependent mitochondrial movements in Arabidopsis root hairs.

PloS one·2009

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2025

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies
09:38

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

Published on: December 18, 2015

12.0K

Beyond Fiber: Toward Terahertz Bandwidth in Free-Space Optical Communication.

Rahat Ullah1,2,3, Sibghat Ullah4, Jianxin Ren1,2,3

  • 1Institute of Optics and Electronics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Terahertz (THz) and free-space optical (FSO) communication offers ultra-high data rates for 6G networks but faces atmospheric absorption challenges. Research explores solutions like adaptive optics and AI to enhance THz-FSO systems for reliable, secure, next-generation networks.

Keywords:
FSO communication systemsTHz communication systemsTHz-bandwidthintegrated THz-FSO systemssoftware-defined networking

More Related Videos

Terahertz Imaging and Characterization Protocol for Freshly Excised Breast Cancer Tumors
08:56

Terahertz Imaging and Characterization Protocol for Freshly Excised Breast Cancer Tumors

Published on: April 5, 2020

10.8K
Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
12:18

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Published on: August 5, 2013

16.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2025

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies
09:38

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

Published on: December 18, 2015

12.0K
Terahertz Imaging and Characterization Protocol for Freshly Excised Breast Cancer Tumors
08:56

Terahertz Imaging and Characterization Protocol for Freshly Excised Breast Cancer Tumors

Published on: April 5, 2020

10.8K
Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
12:18

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Published on: August 5, 2013

16.9K

Area of Science:

  • Telecommunications Engineering
  • Optical Communications
  • Wireless Communication

Background:

  • Terahertz (THz) communication is crucial for next-generation networks like 6G, offering ultra-high data rates.
  • Integrating THz with Free-Space Optics (FSO) aims to overcome bandwidth limitations.
  • Atmospheric absorption, especially beyond 500 GHz, severely limits THz-FSO range, despite a 680 GHz window.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review THz communication, focusing on its integration with FSO systems.
  • To analyze challenges like atmospheric absorption and explore potential solutions.
  • To assess emerging applications and future research directions for THz-FSO technology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advancements in high-power THz sources (quantum cascade lasers, photonic mixers, free-electron lasers).
  • Examination of mitigation techniques for signal degradation: adaptive optics, ML-based beam alignment, low-loss materials.
  • Assessment of THz-FSO integration with optical/RF technologies within Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and multi-band adaptive communication frameworks.

Main Results:

  • Ultra-high data rates are achievable with advanced THz sources.
  • Adaptive optics, ML, and new materials show promise in overcoming atmospheric absorption.
  • Hybrid THz-FSO systems integrated with SDN and multi-band communication enhance reliability and range.

Conclusions:

  • THz-FSO technology holds significant promise for ultra-fast and secure next-generation networks.
  • Addressing atmospheric attenuation via hybrid architectures, AI, and advanced waveguides is critical.
  • Future research should focus on AI optimization, energy efficiency, and quantum encryption for THz communications.