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Updated: May 14, 2025

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Space Surveillance with High-Frequency Radar.

Brendan Hennessy1, Heath Yardley1, Rob Debnam1

  • 1Defence Science and Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA 5111, Australia.

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|April 12, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-Frequency (HF) radar offers effective space surveillance for low-earth-orbit targets, matching larger systems despite unique challenges. Fusing multi-pass data yields accurate orbital estimates, demonstrated in real-time trials.

Keywords:
HF radarbistatic radarorbit determinationradar signal processingspace domain awarenessspace surveillance

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Area of Science:

  • Space Surveillance
  • Radar Technology
  • Orbital Mechanics

Background:

  • High-Frequency (HF) radar presents a compact solution for space surveillance, comparable to larger, higher-frequency systems.
  • Challenges in HF radar for space include range-Doppler coupling, limited localization, and signal interference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the application of HF radar for space surveillance.
  • To demonstrate accurate orbit determination through multi-pass data fusion.
  • To present results from recent HF space surveillance radar trials.

Main Methods:

  • Signal processing and radar product formation for HF space surveillance.
  • Implementing tracking algorithms for space objects.
  • Applying ionospheric correction techniques.
  • Utilizing multi-pass measurement fusion for orbit determination.

Main Results:

  • HF radar achieves comparable detection performance to larger systems for space surveillance.
  • Accurate orbital estimates are obtainable by fusing measurements from multiple radar passes.
  • Real-time wide-area surveillance, tracking, and orbit determination were achieved during SpaceFest trials.

Conclusions:

  • HF radar is a viable and effective technology for space surveillance.
  • Multi-pass data fusion is crucial for achieving high-accuracy orbit determination with HF radar.
  • The demonstrated capabilities support enhanced space situational awareness and sensor cueing.