Dielectric Tailoring of Perovskite-Polymer Composites for High-Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators

The rapid advancement of wearable electronics and the Internet of Things (IoT) has driven the demand for sustainable power sources to replace conventional batteries. In this study, we developed a high-performance, lead-free triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) using methylammonium tin chloride (MASnCl₃) perovskite-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite films. MASnCl₃ was synthesized via an anti-solvent-assisted collision technique and incorporated into a flexible PMMA matrix to enhance dielectric properties, thereby improving triboelectric output. The optimized 10 wt% MASnCl₃-PMMA composite-based TENG exhibited a maximum output voltage of 525 V, a current of 13.6 µA, and of power of 2.5 mW, significantly outperforming the many halide perovskite-based TENGs. The device demonstrated excellent pressure sensitivity, achieving 7.72 V/kPa in voltage detection mode and 0.2 μA/kPa in current detection mode. The device demonstrated excellent mechanical stability and was successfully used to power a small electronic device. The findings highlight the potential of halide perovskite-polymer composites in developing eco-friendly, efficient mechanical energy harvesters for next-generation self-powered electronics and sensor applications.