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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short...
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Improved inverse design method based on AVM for long-distance dielectric laser accelerators.

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    A new inverse design method improves dielectric laser accelerators (DLAs) by accounting for electron velocity changes. This enables sustained particle acceleration over longer distances on chip, overcoming previous limitations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Dielectric laser accelerators (DLAs) offer high acceleration gradients due to material properties.
    • Current inverse design methods (adjoint variable method) neglect electron velocity changes, causing dephasing in long structures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an improved inverse design method for DLAs that incorporates electron velocity variations.
    • To enable efficient, long-distance particle acceleration on-chip.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposed an inverse design approach integrating electron velocity into the objective function.
    • Designed a 20 µm DLA using an incident electric field of 1.2 GV/m.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved an average acceleration gradient of 347 MeV/m for 26.6 keV electrons.
    • Sustained electron acceleration across the entire structure, resolving dephasing issues.
    • Optimal initial electron energy closely matched the target, validating the method.

    Conclusions:

    • The improved inverse design method effectively addresses dephasing in DLAs for long-distance acceleration.
    • This advancement leads to more efficient and robust on-chip particle acceleration.
    • Enables higher energy gains compared to previous DLA designs.