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Multimodal 3D Printing of Phantoms to Simulate Biological Tissue

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Optical property-based rendering of 3D prints.

Alexander Kissel, Philipp Nguyen, David Hevisov

|April 12, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an optical property-based pipeline for accurately rendering 3D-printed object colors. The method precisely predicts final colors, minimizing costly trial-and-error prints.

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Area of Science:

Additive Manufacturing
Computational Imaging
Optical Physics

Background:

Realistic color reproduction in 3D printing is crucial for design fidelity.
Accurate color prediction requires advanced rendering methods based on material optical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a fully optical property-based pipeline for physically correct color rendering of 3D-printed objects.
To achieve color prediction accuracy nearly indistinguishable from final printed samples.

Main Methods:

Measurement of spectrally resolved absorption and reduced scattering coefficients using an integrating sphere setup.
Application of a spectral Monte Carlo path tracing simulation to model light transfer through printed objects.
Utilizing intrinsic optical properties: reduced scattering coefficient, absorption coefficient, refractive index, and scattering anisotropy factor.

Main Results:

Achieved color difference (CIE ΔE2000) values below 2.0, indicating high accuracy.
Renderings accurately reproduced colors of validation samples printed on a Stratasys PolyJet system.
The pipeline demonstrated precision for both highly scattering and nearly non-scattering materials.

Conclusions:

The developed pipeline offers a robust tool for predicting and optimizing the color appearance of 3D-printed objects.
Broad applicability across diverse printing systems and material compositions.
Eliminates the need for time- and cost-intensive physical test prints.