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Short-term and four-year feeding and respiratory outcomes of infants with micrognathia

Kuan-Chi Lai1,2, Laura M Walker3, Kevin Moran4

  • 1Division of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. laik@chop.edu.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|April 12, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Infants with micrognathia often require long-term feeding and respiratory support. Outcomes were similar between medical management and mandibular distraction osteogenesis, but tracheostomy and genetic syndromes indicated poorer prognoses.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Neonatology
  • Craniofacial Medicine

Background:

  • Micrognathia, a condition characterized by an abnormally small jaw, can lead to significant feeding and respiratory challenges in infants.
  • Early evaluation and management are crucial for optimizing outcomes in affected infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term feeding and respiratory outcomes in infants diagnosed with micrognathia.
  • To compare outcomes based on different treatment modalities and the presence of syndromic status.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis was conducted on 218 infants evaluated for congenital micrognathia.
  • Outcomes, including tube feeding and respiratory support, were assessed at discharge and follow-up.
  • Comparisons were made between medical management, mandibular distraction osteogenesis, and tracheostomy, as well as syndromic versus non-syndromic groups.

Main Results:

  • At discharge, 81% of infants required tube feeding and 32% needed respiratory support, decreasing to 41% and 22% respectively at follow-up.
  • No significant differences in feeding or respiratory support were observed between medical management and mandibular distraction osteogenesis.
  • Tracheostomy and genetic syndromes were associated with a higher likelihood of requiring prolonged tube feeding and respiratory support.

Conclusions:

  • Infants hospitalized with micrognathia frequently experience persistent feeding and respiratory issues.
  • Treatment choices like tracheostomy and the presence of genetic syndromes significantly impact the need for ongoing support.
Abstract

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