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The Year in Review: Anesthesia for Congenital Heart Disease 2024

Matthew M Goodmanson1, Destiny F Chau2, Leah M Landsem1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.

Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia
|April 13, 2025
PubMed

Insights

This review summarizes 2024 research on anesthetic management for pediatric congenital heart disease (CHD). Key topics include enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), acute kidney injury, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and cardiopulmonary bypass strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Anesthesiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease Management
  • Cardiac Surgery Outcomes

Background:

  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) necessitates specialized anesthetic care in pediatric patients.
  • Advances in surgical techniques and perioperative care continue to evolve.
  • A comprehensive understanding of recent literature is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize the latest published literature (2024) on the anesthetic management of children with CHD.
  • To identify and discuss key advancements and challenges in the field.
  • To provide an overview of current trends and future directions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of publications from 2024.
  • Focus on anesthetic management in pediatric cardiac surgery.
  • Thematic analysis of identified literature.

Main Results:

  • Enhanced recovery after pediatric cardiac surgery (ERAS) protocols are increasingly implemented.
  • Acute kidney injury remains a significant concern following cardiac surgery, with ongoing research into prevention and management.
  • Neurodevelopmental outcomes and the role of neuromonitoring are gaining attention.
  • Optimized cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and blood conservation strategies are critical for reducing morbidity.

Conclusions:

  • The anesthetic management of pediatric CHD is a dynamic field with continuous innovation.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches focusing on ERAS, renal protection, neurodevelopment, and blood management are essential.
  • Further research is needed to refine these strategies and improve long-term outcomes for children with CHD.

Keywords:
acute renal failurecardiac anesthesiacardiac surgerycardiopulmonary bypasscongenital heart diseaseenhanced recovery after surgeryneurodevelopmental outcomeneurological monitoring

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