The proteostasis burden of aneuploidy

Aneuploidy refers to chromosome number abnormality that is not an exact multiple of the haploid chromosome set. Aneuploidy has largely negative consequences in cells and organisms, manifested as so-called aneuploidy-associated stresses. A major consequence of aneuploidy is proteotoxic stress due to abnormal protein expression from imbalanced chromosome numbers. Recent advances have improved our understanding of the nature of the proteostasis imbalance caused by aneuploidy and highlighted their relevance with respect to organellar homeostasis, dosage compensation, or mechanisms employed by cells to mitigate the detrimental stress. In this review, we highlight the recent findings and outline questions to be addressed in future research.