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Trends in alcohol-specific deaths in England, 2001-22: an observational study
Melissa Oldham1, Sarah Jackson1, Jamie Brown1
1Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.
The Lancet. Public Health
|April 13, 2025
Summary
Alcohol-specific deaths in England rose sharply after the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among men and deprived areas. Public health policies should focus on reducing alcohol consumption and improving liver disease detection and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Mortality Studies
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic was followed by significant increases in alcohol-specific deaths in England.
- This study investigated changes in the demographics and causes of alcohol-specific mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze trends in alcohol-specific deaths in England from 2001 to 2022.
- To examine changes in mortality characteristics by age, sex, area-level deprivation, and cause of death before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Main Methods:
- Utilized annual mortality data from the Office for National Statistics (England).
- Calculated age-standardized rates and compared demographic profiles pre- and post-pandemic (2017-19 vs. 2020-22).
- Employed multivariable Poisson regression to analyze the impact of Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) on mortality rates, adjusting for age and sex.
Main Results:
- Age-standardized alcohol-specific death rates increased by 19.4% in 2020 and 13.5% in 2022, reaching 14.7 per 100,000.
- The largest absolute increases were observed in men and individuals from more deprived areas.
- Alcohol-related liver disease showed the largest absolute increase in cause of death, while acute causes had the largest relative increase.
Conclusions:
- Alcohol-specific mortality in England remains elevated post-pandemic.
- Population-level strategies to reduce alcohol consumption are recommended.
- Increased investment in early detection and treatment of liver disease is crucial.
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