Predicting progression of enhancing non-measurable disease in high-grade glioma by using dynamic contrast-enhanced MR...

To investigate the potential of histogram models derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MR imaging in predicting the progression of enhancing non-measurable disease (NMD) persisting after chemoradiotherapy in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG).

A total of 97 glioma patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 46.7 years ±12.1; 73 men) who underwent temozolomide-based chemoradiation following gross total resection were enrolled retrospectively, including 55 (57 %) in the progression group and 42 (43 %) in the non-progression group. The histogram features of K^trans (volume transfer constant between the plasma and extravascular extracellular space) and Ve (extravascular volume) for enhancing NMDs were extracted and compared between the two groups. Histogram features with significant differences were included in binary logistic regression to construct models to predict progression within 2 to 3 months. The models were constructed based on K^trans and Ve alone or combined. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the prediction performance of the different models. The models were testified in a prospective cohort consisting of 15 patients with HGG.

The histogram model of K^trans showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.900 in predicting progression. The model of Ve had an AUC of 0.879. When combining K^trans and Ve, the model achieved an AUC of 0.927. These models showed excellent predictive performance in the prospective study.

The histogram models based on DCE MRI can predict the progression of enhancing NMDs in HGG following chemoradiotherapy 2 to 3 months in advance.