A cohort study on structural analysis of congenital anomalies in an intensive care unit in Azerbaijan
Narmin Akif Azizova1, Ismayil Gafarov2, Omer Erdeve3
1Scientific Research Institute of Pediatrics named after K. Farajova, Baku, Azerbaijan.
Insights
Congenital anomalies affect 15.2% of infants admitted to intensive care. Outcomes show high survival rates, with congenital heart defects being most common, similar to developed nations.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Medical Genetics
- Public Health
Background:
- Congenital anomalies present significant medical challenges, with higher prevalence in low- and middle-income countries.
- Variations in intensive care admissions and treatment protocols exist for critical cases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of congenital anomalies in infants under one year old admitted to a level III intensive care unit.
- To analyze anomaly diagnosis, reasons for admission, classification, surgical needs, and outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 8276 pediatric intensive care unit admissions from 2019-2022.
- Focus on patients diagnosed with congenital anomalies, detailing demographics, diagnoses, and outcomes.
Main Results:
- 15.2% (1256/8276) of patients had congenital anomalies, predominantly in neonates (73.3%).
- Congenital heart defects were the most prevalent anomaly.
- Survival rate was 86.3% (1084/1256), with a mortality rate of 13.7% (172/1256).
Conclusions:
- Congenital anomaly prevalence, surgical needs, and mortality in this Azerbaijani tertiary ICU are comparable to developed countries.
- Observed differences in organ system anomaly distribution, with a higher frequency of congenital heart defects.
Abstract:
Congenital anomalies pose significant challenges in medicine due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. These anomalies are more prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, where variations exist in intensive care admissions and treatment protocols for critical cases. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of congenital anomalies among patients under the age of one admitted to the level III intensive care unit. The study focused on diagnosing anomalies, reasons for intensive care admission, structural analysis, classification based on system involvement, surgical requirements, duration of intensive care stay, and treatment outcomes. A total of 8276 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit of our Pediatric Research Institute between 2019 and 2022. Among them, 1256 patients (15.2%) were diagnosed with congenital anomalies. The majority of infants (73.3%) were admitted within the neonatal period, whereas 21.2% were admitted from 29 days to 6 months and 5.5% between 6 months and 1 year of age. Ultimately, 1084 (86.3%) patients survived, and 172 (13.7%) patients died. Structural analysis of congenital anomalies in a tertiary intensive care unit in Azerbaijan indicated comparable frequencies of anomalies, surgical requirements, and mortality rates to those published in articles from developed countries. Additionally, differences in anomaly distribution among organ systems were observed, with congenital heart defects being more prevalent.
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