Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

8.1K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
8.1K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

12.9K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
12.9K
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

4.3K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
4.3K
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

6.3K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.3K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

1.6K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
1.6K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

9.1K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
9.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Duocarmycin-Bearing Antibody-Mimetic Drug Conjugate Combined With an ATR Inhibitor Results in Complete Tumor Regression in a KPL-4 Xenograft Model.

Cancer medicine·2026
Same author

Antibody-trapping presents a widespread pitfall for microscopy and genomics in the nucleus.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Structural basis of asymmetric transcription through a composite nucleosome formed by a hexasome and an octasome.

Nature structural & molecular biology·2026
Same author

Structural basis of nucleosome remodeling by Cockayne syndrome B homologue Komagataella phaffii Rad26.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Synthesis of DNA-Encoded Libraries by Tryptophan-Selective Bioconjugation.

Organic letters·2026
Same author

Precision Chemistry for Protein Lysine Modification.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Switching Site Selectivity in Alkoxyamine Hydration: From Lone-Pair Direction to Solvent Network Dominance.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

A Topotactic Leap: 2D Layers to 3D Large-Pore Zeolite.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution over Single-Atom Catalysts via Electrostatic Polarization in Contact-electro-catalysis.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Tumor Acidity-Activatable Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles for Selective Oncolytic Therapy.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Alternating Magnetic Field Promotes Ammonia Cracking by Disrupting the Sabatier Limitation of Ruthenium Catalytic Species.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Bulk Ferromagnetic Icosahedral Quasicrystals without Rapid Quenching.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2025

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

6.4K

Designer Catalyst-Enabled Regiodivergent Histone Acetylation.

Tamiko Nozaki1, Mayu Onoda1, Misuzu Habazaki1

  • 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists developed regioselective catalysts to precisely add epigenetic marks (histone post-translational modifications) to histone H2B. This breakthrough enables detailed study of gene regulation and cellular functions.

More Related Videos

Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays
09:47

Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays

Published on: August 1, 2017

39.8K
Assays for Validating Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitors
09:11

Assays for Validating Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitors

Published on: August 6, 2020

6.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2025

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

6.4K
Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays
09:47

Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays

Published on: August 1, 2017

39.8K
Assays for Validating Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitors
09:11

Assays for Validating Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitors

Published on: August 6, 2020

6.4K

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Molecular Biology
  • Chromatin Biology
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • The histone code, a system of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), governs chromatin structure and gene expression.
  • Understanding the functional impact of specific PTMs requires tools for precise modification introduction in living cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and develop regioselective catalysts for targeted histone acetylation on specific lysine residues of histone H2B.
  • To elucidate the design principles governing regioselectivity in histone modification catalysts.
  • To investigate the cellular and molecular consequences of distinct histone H2B acetylation patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized molecular dynamics simulations to analyze catalyst-nucleosome interactions.
  • Employed systematic experimental optimization to refine catalyst structures for regioselectivity.
  • Conducted biochemical and cellular assays to assess the effects of targeted histone acetylation.

Main Results:

  • Developed three regioselective catalysts targeting distinct lysine residues (K43, K108, K120) on histone H2B.
  • Identified key design principles for regioselectivity, emphasizing exclusion of off-target residues from the catalyst effective region.
  • Demonstrated that specific lysine acetylations on H2B uniquely influence nucleosome-interacting molecule binding, transcriptional programs, and cellular phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Established a framework for designing regioselective histone acetylation catalysts.
  • Advanced the understanding of how specific histone PTMs regulate gene expression and cellular processes.
  • Provided novel tools for dissecting the functional roles of the histone code in epigenetics.