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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Assessment of Right Ventricular Structure and Function in Mouse Model of Pulmonary Artery Constriction by Transthoracic Echocardiography
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Pediatric Reference Ranges and Test Characteristics of E-point Septal Separation as a Marker for Left Ventricular

Ethan S Vorel1, Xander Jacquemyn2,3, Joanna S Cohen1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins Children's Center.

Pediatric Emergency Care
|April 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

E-point septal separation (EPSS) reliably identifies left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction in children. This point-of-care ultrasound metric shows high accuracy, proving useful in pediatric emergency settings.

Keywords:
EPSSPOCUSleft ventricular dysfunctionpediatric heart failure

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Diagnostic Ultrasound
  • Echocardiography

Background:

  • E-point septal separation (EPSS) is a validated point-of-care ultrasound metric for estimating left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in adults.
  • The diagnostic utility of EPSS in pediatric populations for assessing left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the test characteristics of EPSS as a marker of LV systolic dysfunction in pediatric patients.
  • To establish reference ranges for EPSS in a pediatric cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of transthoracic echocardiograms from 600 pediatric patients (≤20 years).
  • EPSS measurements obtained from M-mode parasternal long-axis views.
  • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine diagnostic performance.

Main Results:

  • EPSS correlated with various demographic and clinical parameters in controls but not LVEF.
  • Patients with LV systolic dysfunction exhibited significantly higher EPSS values compared to controls (P<0.01).
  • ROC analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.93, with an optimal cut-off of 6.17 mm, achieving 86% sensitivity and 92% specificity.

Conclusions:

  • EPSS is a reliable ultrasonographic marker for identifying LV systolic dysfunction in pediatric patients.
  • The study suggests potential clinical utility of EPSS in pediatric emergency settings for rapid assessment of cardiac function.