Real-Time Analysis of Changes in Internal and External Root Temperatures Using Different Systems for Activating the...

Area of Science:

• Endodontics
• Dental Materials Science
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Concerns exist regarding periodontal tissue heating during root canal irrigation activation.
• Understanding irrigant activation's thermal effects is crucial for patient safety and treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze real-time internal and external root temperature changes using different irrigant activation systems.
• To evaluate the influence of irrigant temperature, activation system, and duration on root temperature.

Main Methods:

• Two single-rooted premolars were prepared with simulated root perforations.
• Thermocouple sensors measured temperatures at internal and external root surfaces.
• Irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at 25°C or 45°C was activated by passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Ultra X (UX), or endoactivator (EA) for 20-60 seconds.

Main Results:

• The endoactivator (EA) system resulted in significantly lower temperature increases compared to PUI and UX (p < 0.05).
• PUI and UX showed similar temperature changes at 25°C irrigant temperature.
• Activation duration had a minimal impact on root temperature changes.

Conclusions:

• Initial irrigant temperature and activation system significantly influence internal and external root temperatures.
• The activation period appears to have a negligible effect on root temperature, suggesting clinical safety.
• EA is a potentially safer option regarding thermal effects during root canal irrigation.