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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

14.7K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Types of Surveys01:27

Types of Surveys

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Surveys are essential for marking property boundaries near water bodies. Different types of surveys are defined, each with its own function. Land surveys mark the property boundaries, while route surveys determine the position of properties on nearby highways. Topographic surveys create maps by capturing the three-dimensional features of the land. Hydrographic surveys focus on the shapes of underwater areas and the movement of streams through the properties. Mine surveys determine the relative...
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Convenience Sampling Method00:55

Convenience Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population.
Convenience sampling is a non-random method of sample selection; this method selects individuals that are easily accessible and may result in biased data. For example, a marketing...
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Data Collection by Survey01:07

Data Collection by Survey

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The systematic method of obtaining and analyzing accurate information of a population is called data collection. A survey is a standard method of data collection that involves collecting information from a target human population about their experience, opinion, or knowledge of a product, service, or process. The responses are recorded and interpreted. The most common survey examples are written questionnaires, face-to-face or telephonic conversations, focus groups, and electronic (e-mail or...
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Systematic Sampling Method01:17

Systematic Sampling Method

9.9K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...
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Stratified Sampling Method01:16

Stratified Sampling Method

11.6K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a stratified sample, divide the population into groups called strata and then take a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2025

Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil
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Survey Practice in Non-Survey-Literate Populations: Lessons Learned from a Cognitive Interview Study in Brazil.

Meredith Massey1

  • 1Collaborating Center for Questionnaire Design and Evaluation Research, National Center for Health Statistics.

Survey Practice
|April 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Understanding survey processes is key for accurate data. Low survey literacy among respondents, especially vulnerable populations, creates barriers and increases survey error, highlighting the need for improved questionnaire design and respondent support.

Keywords:
cognitive interviewingcross-cultural surveysurvey methods

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Health Services Research
  • Survey Methodology

Background:

  • Effective survey research depends on respondent cooperation and comprehension.
  • Limited respondent understanding of survey processes (survey illiteracy) can introduce significant error.
  • Vulnerable populations may face unique challenges in survey participation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify barriers to participation in survey research among respondents with low survey literacy.
  • To demonstrate how these barriers contribute to response error.
  • To inform strategies for reducing survey error in diverse populations.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted 80 cognitive interviews in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Recruited caregivers of children with and without disabilities.
  • Targeted respondents with predominantly low literacy levels.

Main Results:

  • Respondents with low survey literacy struggled with task orientation, response selection, scale interpretation, and vocabulary.
  • Many respondents desired to share personal details not captured by the survey.
  • Barriers were particularly evident in respondents with limited familiarity with survey procedures.

Conclusions:

  • Limited survey literacy poses significant challenges to accurate data collection.
  • Addressing comprehension and task navigation issues is crucial for reducing survey error.
  • Tailoring survey methods to vulnerable populations can enhance participation and data quality.