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Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Updated: May 13, 2025

Bone Conditioned Medium: Preparation and Bioassay

Bone Conditioned Medium: Preparation and Bioassay

Published on: July 8, 2015

Circulating miRNAs are associated with successful bone regeneration.

Julia K Frank^1,2, Carina Kampleitner^2,3,4, Patrick Heimel^2,3,4

¹Herz Jesu Krankenhaus, Vienna, Austria.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

|April 14, 2025

Summary

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) show distinct expression patterns correlating with bone healing success in rats. These blood-based biomarkers could potentially predict successful bone regeneration, regardless of treatment interventions.

Keywords:

biomarkers bone regeneration circulating microRNAs extracellular vesicles gene-activated scaffold osteogenesis

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Published on: June 18, 2018

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine
Molecular Biology

Background:

Bone healing is a complex biological process crucial for skeletal integrity.
Disruptions in bone healing can lead to delayed or non-union fractures, impacting patient health.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in cellular processes, including bone remodeling, and are stable in biofluids, making them potential diagnostic markers.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dynamic changes in circulating miRNAs during bone healing in a rat calvaria defect model.
To identify specific miRNA profiles associated with successful bone regeneration.
To evaluate the potential of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for predicting bone healing outcomes.

Main Methods:

Standardized calvaria defects were created in Wistar rats and treated with collagen hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds, with variations including BMP2 plasmid, extracellular vesicles, or empty defects.
Microcomputed tomography (microCT) and histological analyses were performed at 1, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery.
Plasma samples were collected longitudinally, and circulating miRNAs were analyzed using next-generation sequencing.

Main Results:

Despite high variability and no significant differences between treatment groups in bone regeneration, distinct circulating miRNA expression patterns were observed.
Circulating miRNA profiles differed between rats with high and low regenerative activity.
miR-133-3p and miR-375-3p were identified as the top upregulated and downregulated miRNAs, respectively, in animals with strong regeneration.

Conclusions:

Circulating miRNA expression patterns are associated with the success or failure of bone regeneration, independent of the specific treatment applied.
Further investigation is warranted to validate these miRNAs as predictive biomarkers for successful bone healing.