Unusual Pulmonary Manifestation in a Child With Congenital Mitral Stenosis: A Case Report

Congenital mitral valve stenosis (MVS) in children is usually isolated. However, it is, in rare cases, associated with secondary pulmonary hemosiderosis. It is hypothesized that secondary pulmonary hemosiderosis results from chronic pulmonary venous congestion and repeated microvascular hemorrhage due to elevated left atrial pressure. We describe the case of a six-year-old child with congenital severe MVS who developed coexisting pulmonary hypertension and hemosiderosis. The child was successfully managed with surgical repair of MVS through papillary muscle splitting and commissurotomy. This case illustrates the rare association between MVS and pulmonary hemosiderosis in a child with easy fatiguability and heart failure symptoms.